Retrofitting projects are carried out under a very close collaboration with the customer. Usually, these projects begin with a careful assessment of the problem, which commonly includes a physico-chemical characterization of the effluent and a detailed evaluation of the legal framework. In subsequent stages laboratory-scale or pilot-scale investigations can be developed. The results obtained in previous projects include:

• Substantial improvement in the treatment capacity
• Possibility of energy seizing of the waste stream
• Great reduction in electrical and/or reagent consumption
• Process automatization
• Decreased treatment system footprint
• Process modifications to allow the processing of new waste streams
• Increase of the sludge settleability
• Substitution of physico-chemical processes with biological ones